What characterizes a personal services contract?

A personal services contract is characterized by the requirement for specific individual performance. This means that the contract is usually based on the unique skills, talents, or qualities of a particular person, making it essential that that specific individual fulfills the obligations of the contract.

In many instances, the nature of personal services—such as those involving artistic endeavors, specialized knowledge, or unique abilities—means that it wouldn't be appropriate or desirable for someone else to substitute their services in place of the contracted individual. For instance, if a renowned musician is contracted for a performance, the contract is likely void if another musician attempts to fulfill the role, regardless of their skill.

This specificity establishes an important legal principle; personal services contracts cannot generally be assigned or delegated to others without permission from the other party, underscoring the importance of the individual’s personal capability and reputation in the agreement.

The other options suggest scenarios that do not align with the nature of personal services contracts. They either imply a general ability to perform, the allowance of substitutes, or enforceability without specific performance, which detracts from the essence of what makes a personal services contract unique and enforceable.